European history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

European history - Essay Example While the revolution swept all corners of the European nation, it is important to note that each nation had its own unique mix of issues and concerns about the traditional authority. The earlier uprisings patterns in 1820s and the 1830s were very instrumental for the final explosion of revolution in 1848. However the authorities by then worked very hard and thought that they had crushed the uprisings. However, most of the uprisings were only suppressed and went underground. The revolutions would come again and hence there were periods of peak and off peak with regard to revolutions. In this context, some were successful and resulted to one or two revolution reforms while others were completely suppressed. The major waves of uprisings that resulted into major reforms were witnessed in the year 1820s and 1830s before the eruption (Korner, 215). The 1830s uprisings mainly begun in France and spread to other places like Germany, Belgium, Poland and Italy. Unfortunately all the uprisings were crushed by the ruling authority in almost all these nations except those uprising in France survived. As a result of this however Belgium, Britain and France Won freedom, liberal reforms and constitutional monarchy respectively (Korner, 216). These uprisings were very important as they paved the way for wave opf uprisings that followed after a decade in the year 1848. This wave swept across many nations including those regions that had not experienced uprisings. By this time French had gone ahead to establish a republic while other fifty uprisings were witnessed in the different parts of Europe. However, France was neither lucky, it was taken over by a dictator, Napoleon III turning it into a second emperor. During this time, the French had made a republic and the Frenchmen could now vote for delegate with regard to the new constitution. This was a major development in France as partial freedom in choosing the leaders. The

Case Projects in Computer Forensics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Projects in Computer Forensics - Essay Example Despite the fact that the Daubert Standard is not directly connected to forensics examination, it sets a good guideline for acceptability of validation reports in courts of law (cited Brunty 1). In order to determine the validity of the findings in question, it is vital to determine from the police investigator the exact procedure he/she took as well as all the forensic tools he/she used in examining the computer data. In the Digital Evidence discipline, it is fundamental that the examination of procedures include a complete understanding of the methodology used so as to determine its specificity, limitations and margins of error. The validation of forensic tools is conducted to verify that they did not alter, add or delete any of the original data. (Barbara 4). Computer forensics involves, at least, the basic four processes of identification, preservation, analysis and presentation. Since identification and presentation depend on the skills of the investigator they cannot be subject ed to the validation process of the computer laboratory. On the other hand, preservation and analysis are forensics-tool bases and thus, can be verified and validated. Preservation entails forensic copy, verification, write protection and media sanitation while analysis involves the processes of searching, file rendering, data recovery, decryption, file identification, processing, temporal data, and process automation (Guo et al 2009, pp. S-15-S16). Validation and verification of electronic evidence requires mathematical technique primarily to determine their error ratio. One way of doing this is to split a sample data into subsets, to be called model subsets, and compare them to the remaining subsets. Next, the file system should be examined remembering that file systems have two layers: abstract and; low level. When examination had focused on the abstract level, it is most likely that the low level evidence has been overlooked. To determine if this is the case, the file system ima ge should be examined and layer 1 obtained. From layer 1, layer 2 should be inferred and this inferred layer should be compared to the actual layer 2 and the discrepancies noted. All other file systems are then examined similarly and the average error ratio obtained. To continue with the validation, a mathematical formula must be adopted for each file system that consists of a weighted summation of every layer. The following is an example of a formula of FAT12: Er = 0.05(L1) + 0.1(L2) + 0.05(L3) + 0.1(L4) + 0.2(L5) + 0.2(L6) + 0.3(L7) A FAT12 file system, a file system commonly used in most computers, has seven layers: boot sector values; FAT and data areas; FAT entries; clusters; formatted cluster content; linked list of clusters; all directory entries. Each of these layers must be examined for their respective abstract and lower-level, a forecast lower level layer developed with the help of the abstract and the predicted lower-level compared with the original lower-level layer and error ratio is stored. At the end, all stored layer ratios must be placed into a weighted formula similar as above and an average error ratio for the file system obtained. This examination would establish the extent of the discrepancies in the previous examination (Sremack 2003). Case Project 14-3 Several characteristics distinguish a technical/formal paper from other types.

Essay on Love and Emotions

Essay on Love and Emotions People often talk about love, but most of us are not fully aware about its true essence. There is lot of misconception about efficacy of love that holds us back to generate loving feelings towards others. Love is not possessiveness. People look love as a possession that has to be acquired and preserved. To expect that others ought to provide it to us so that our life is filled with love is the biggest fallacy, which is cause of much unhappiness. It is not like any other material thing to be demanded from others. Even if other person offers us plenty of love, we may not be able to feel it. It is normal to blame others for not loving us, but much depends on our inner self whether it has capability to feel it from others. Love is a feeling of well being and of good emotions. It is an activity that keeps us in good spirit and is liked to our emotions. Let us engage and create feeling of love by making self capable through appropriate changes in our dealings with others. There is no other way to love and be loved. The physical intimacy devoid of good feelings is not love but lust. People often fail to conceive love as pious in essence. While dealing with others, let us take care that our dealings make them cheerful, by helping them to come out of their problem, appreciate their successes and be grateful for help received from them. All these activities are to express love. The benefit of giving love to others is that it appeals to our heart and makes us connected to others, provides stability and security, removes fear and gives a feeling of being good towards other people. One can get to know love by first generating such feelings of being good to others. How can a person feel love from others if he is filled with ego, anger and selfish tendencies? These negative emotions suppress inner urge to love others. Love is a divine energy. I had a very vague idea about love initially. As I tried to understand more about it, a completely different perspective and thinking develops that explains the true essence of love. I have come to know from spiritual literature that love is God and God is love. It appears too abstract in the first instance, but more we tend to think of God will make us to love God and all other creations of God. It is like energy flowing within us derived from Ultimate that thinks positive and helps in inner purification. Albert Einstein discovered energy mass equation that explains interconnection of material and energy. It revolutionized the thinking of present century by using a small amount of mass to derive a tremendous energy. Hence, along with our material existence, somewhere we are also part of the divine energy lying within us as dormant. Logically, this divine energy which is nothing but love brings us close to Ultimate. I can imagine that every one of us has a gr eat capacity of this divine love within us, but it is hidden, untapped and misdirected. Great saints have worked on human beings from time to time by developing intense feeling of love and concern for others. This has helped them to achieve higher levels of spiritual growth and closeness with the ultimate. The true meaning of love is inner purification of soul. This is the real purpose of love. Love is nothing but inner need and the reason for feeling happiness. Fill the requirement of soul by being in love with other person. The other person to whom you love is only an object to be loved; it is our own emotions that create love for that person. People love someone if they feel that person is an object of love. This feeling comes out of inner need. This is the reason that when the object of love is same, but still different people react to it in a different manner. A person may become an object of love for someone but similar feelings may be missing in the heart of other person. The feeling of love resides in us; other person becomes only a facilitator to bring out this feeling. Irrespective of how good other person may be, love will have to originate from you to create that loving emotion. All other things follow thereafter. These emotions come when we feel need of love as against negative emotions of anger and hate. The advantages of giving love to the other person are essentially to fulfill our inner need and to generate happiness. If we demand love from other person, we may not be able to feel it when our inner condition is filled with negative feelings. Love is an activity of thinking good about others, doing all that can be done to make others feel good and acting in a manner that other person feels comfortable. It is not something to be demanded as it cannot be preserved; and we cannot take it or feel it unless we make ourselves capable for it. Everyone feels impact of love in their life. When you think good of other person, you are in same wavelength as your inner self (soul), which makes you feel light and joyful. Such feeling is love. It is not easy for a person to love someone as it takes time to understand and then develop liking of that person. Media influences understanding of various issues in life including perception of love. Love has different connation in media, which is not actual reality. The people in love as shown in media are projected somewhat special; it makes us to realize incapable of offering or getting that sort of love. People often adore type of love which is without any argument, full of sacrifices and tolerance from the other person. The media glorifies love and shows loving couple who do so many unusual things to attract each others attention. It affects perception of love. We imagine women in love as beautiful, sacrificing and never arguing. The media depicts love based on physical attraction. In actual life situation, things are different. Love does not mean that there will not be any differences and the other person will always remain dumb. It does not mean that a person not very handsome or beautiful will be less attractive and loving in nature. The attractiveness of a person is depicted from overall personality that is a combination of physical looks, positive attitude and confidence. The love stories as reflected in media and narrated by other persons do mostly narrate physical aspect of love. It does not emphasize on the emotional closeness and spiritual part of the love which is more subtle and enduring. Our perception of love is thus limited in nature. Life is not always about happy or sad situation. It has its own moments of ups and down. How to adjust in each situation and take it in stride will greatly affect the quality of life and relationship with other people. The perception of love as being devoid of any problem, trouble and pain is thus misconception. People feel more and more pain as they are not able to live in love in relationship with other people. Our perception of love has to change. We have to live with all the problems that we face in unison, sort out our differences and make change in our life style to bring semblance of love and tolerance in our attitude. We have to meet the need of soul to develop spiritual love for other persons which goes beyond the physical attraction. Why it is difficult to love other person? Descriptive: The present environment due to religious, economic and cultural disparities is not conducive to create genuine feeling of love and concern for other person, and in these conditions, special efforts by cleaning of heart from bad feelings towards others are required. Short-words: Care, compassion, tolerance, love, sensitivity Text: People have developed indifference towards others because of religion, cultural, national and economic differences and disparities. This has made people to hate and hearts are filled with bad feelings towards others. It affects generating feeling of love and intimacy for other human beings. We remain unconcerned about others; love and tender feelings do not come easily; we believe other human beings are different and not close to us. The present environment is not conducive, and in these conditions, special efforts by cleaning of heart from bad feelings towards others are required. It requires a genuine feeling of love, affection and concern for other human beings. Hardly any great personality at this time either in the social or political arena preaches universal love and brotherhood. Nations and societies lay much importance on material achievements while these intangible benefits which are ideal for long lasting happiness are ignored. Much of our attention through books, preaching and media goes towards material welfare. Children, students and young people accumulate information on varied fields, but rarely educational curriculum lays importance on human values based on love and affection. It has made people to lose sight of good values of life that are built on love and compassion. People measure achievement and success with the yardstick of material comforts. Life has become unbalanced as this crucial aspect of our need is not fully emphasized. Most of us attach so many conditions to be able to love and like other person. We expect that other person ought to deserve love from us. This impairs our capacity to love someone who needs it most. As people become more and more sophisticated and refined in their pursuit of material comforts, they tend to fall short in their capacity to love others. They find other person not capable and refined and feel it difficult to love and show good feelings to other person. The true love requires that it ought not to be conditional. Love should flow out of compassion for other person. Our heart ought to generate a feeling of love and concern. Love in the pure form means giving without expecting anything in return. This is true love. When mother loves children, it is unconditional and is pure in nature. Mother feels discomfort in attending to the child; however, she has inner urge to meet all the needs of the child and sees happiness of child as her own happiness. While loving a person one sho uld relate the happiness of the other person as his own, and think what best one can offer to that person. The capacity to love is impacted if we always expect to receive something from others in return. In that case, inner self lacks sufficient feelings of love and concern for other person. If we think of giving something to others in love, it requires that we are satisfied with what we have possessed. It helps to generate love for others, if we are calm and at peace with our self. The capacity of a person to give something in love does not always depend on his or her material belongings but the willingness and character of that person. Giving something does not mean offering only material possessions. We have to be good at heart to be able to give something to others in token of love and concern. If a person has willingness to give something precious to others, he or she has capacity to love others. When we think of giving to other person, we care for that person. It could be offering good advice, praises, genuine sympathy or any other help that he/she need at that material time. When m other or father loves a child they are actually taking care of the child. Love goes with care, compassion and tolerance. These qualities are to be developed as to generate love for other person. This requires reform in our attitude to life. The efforts that go with developing such qualities help a person to enrich his life with positive energy. We will not be able to love others, if we do not make our self capable for it. It is common to be busy about own material success, power and fame, and in the process do little to develop true feeling of love. We therefore tend to make other person believe that we love him or her, but may be lacking inner feeling of concern for that person. It is usual with so many of us to feel zealous of close friend or relative, if they are doing well in life in comparison to us. These negative tendencies keep on haunting us that affects true lovable feeling. People become cynic of others, and try to find fault. They sometimes feel unhappy to find other person better placed in life. It is not easy to develop feeling of love for other person unless we get rid of these negative attitudes. The way to adhering to moral values is to think and work for good of others. When we try to remain good to others, it develops inner feeling of love and affection. Think of loving others as much as we love ourselves. Ego and selfish feelings come in the way to generate a feeling of love and compassion for other person. If a person is successful in his or her profession, it need not automatically make him or her to develop a feeling of love and compassion for others. Success and wealth may turn a person egoistic, and find it difficult to accept others as equal. The moment we feel higher in stature than others, makes us to expect more in love and obedience from others than we offer in return. The capacity to love others gets affected if filled with such feelings. Other persons out of inferiority complex may respect us, but it will be short of generating loving feelings in their heart. We put limit on true love by bringing these negative emotions filled with our own ego and superiority complex. It takes long time and serious efforts to clean these feelings. It requires sensitivity to express true feeling of love. Descriptive: Sensitivity is towards particular way we talk, express our feelings and understand other person. Feelings of love get impaired if we do not talk nicely to others, and try to tease or find fault. Behavior, proper communication, hurt, sensitive, compassion Text: People often presume that they love other person, but are unaware whether such feelings are conveyed in the manner other person perceives it. It indicates lack of sensitivity to express feelings of love. What is the point in claiming to be in love with other person if you fail to bring such feelings in other person? Love is a means of communication of good feelings to the other person. It is wish for welfare, success and happiness of a person. These feelings develop when we love a person. It makes us conscious of which actions of ours will make other person feel better. Express feelings to a person in a way it matches with his/ her sensitivity. Love making is a personal affair and each person would like to feel about love in a particular manner. Love demands emotional closeness through care, compassion, tolerance and understanding, Sensitivity is towards particular way we talk, express our feelings and understand other person. If we take care of sensitivity of other person in these matters; it will help in more harmonious relation and better mutual understanding. Feelings of love get impaired if we do not talk nicely to others, and try to tease or find fault. Take care while talking so that in any way we do not hurt other person. There will be number of occasions in our life when we will differ with others. If a person out of ego behaves superior, it makes other person feel small and hurt. It is usual to differ on various issues depending on background, education and overall interest. Is it worth to argue for long period to prove your point of view on any topic? It is to show your superiority. Let us not compete while arguing a point so that other person does not feel let down. These discussions ought to be more informative in nature. Let knowledge do not come in our way to block a better relationship with other person. While talking to a child, we talk in the language a child understands. We ourselves behave like a child. In the similar manner, we ought to talk to other person in the manner he or she likes and understands. The language used is the one that can bring us on same wavelength with that of other person. These are real life situations which each person observes, but we often ignore it. People fail to assess sensitivity of the other person and not able to connect emotionally. The other person is not interested to know about your successes and achievement. To derive close loving feelings, discuss issues relating to the welfare of that person. Discuss his/her achievements, problems and overall welfare. Take interest in other persons welfare. Provide encouragement, sympathy or consolation whatever desired to boost the morale of that person. Take genuine interest in the other person so that he/she feels free to reveal his inner feelings. The body language talks lot and gives different meaning to other person. Be sensitive to align your body language to make a positive impact on other person. Love and happiness can be achieved only if able to match the sensitivity of other person. The genuine need to bring happiness in the other person helps in understanding the sensitivity of that person. Love is subtle in nature and it does not have immediate tangible benefits. We need certain transformation within to develop a feeling of love and concern for others. These feelings come provided we value welfare of others as important as our own, and this gets reflected in our attitude towards others. Some people by heart are considerate and helpful to others. People who consider self- interest more important take time to develop these finer qualities. What we expect from life directs our responses and dealings with other people. Apart from how other people treat us, it is our inner urge that drives us to feel love and concern for other people. We often find couples depicting love towards each other in presence of others by routinely hugging and kissing. People say I Love You too often to others around them, but have to find within whether they are true to their word. To express love only through words is not sufficient. It has to be depicted in action. Sometimes, we are not sure of our love towards others, but repeat these words of love to satisfy that person. What is offered in love to others be in a subtle manner, without giving feeling of obligation to the receiver. If some help is imparted out of our ego, it may not generate any love for that person. Take care of other persons worries and find out what makes him/her better. Help in improving self esteem of other person. There are lot of people to find fault if things do not turn out properly. It is our role to make other person feel better against difficulties and odds by enhancing self-esteem and focusing on good things. Do not be quick to point out weakness of a person. This attitude makes other person feel inferior. Take care of sensitivity of a person and make him or her feel better in your company. Subtleness in love is something that is not to be expressed in words but actions speaks of the concern for the other person. Love of mother for the children is example of subtle form of love. She will try to protect the child from all the criticism. She will not disown the child if not doing well in life. Her love is not limited by external factors. Whether the child is intelligent or not, she will continue to take care of the child. She is sensitive to the feelings of the child. Help could come in the form of reducing the burden of worries through encouragement. Praise other person for any good thing accomplished. All these forms of expressing love are more subtle in nature and other person feels more carried out by these feelings. Our caring nature and sensitivity to the feelings of other person help in improving quality of our love. Each kiss and hug ought to accompany love through more subtle manner. In the true love towards other person, it involves absolute truthfulness without fear of deception. This requires honesty with the other person. Believe something about the person but express it differently shows lack of honesty. Mind and heart have to be in unison, when we deal with the person, so as to adopt honesty in our thought and deeds. In the matter of dealing with other people, we are influenced by our feelings of love and affection generated through our heart while our mind values the relationship based on mutual benefit. It becomes matter of inner conflict as how much we should give in a relation and how much to receive. At times whatever we express may not be necessarily what we feel about the person. Our relationship at times lacks sensitivity which affects true love. To be in love with others is the need of soul, same as food is the need of our body. We always feel urge to connect with the other person through love and feeling of intimacy. Being intimate with others does not mean physical intimacy, but it encompasses broader meaning of better understanding through love and compassion. Intimacy requires that we open our hearts and fill it with the love of the other soul. Love others as your soul mates so as to be in true love with the other person.

Football Referees: Friends or Foes Essay example -- essays research pa

Football Referees: Friends or Foes? In football referees can be categorized into three types –Blind, Deaf, and Dumb. Being a football player myself, I have experienced all of these different types and I am still trying to discover which one I like best. The referees categorized as blind were cursed with the inability to see more than two feet in front of their faces. No matter how blatantly obvious a penalty appears to be, this type of referee will flabbergast the stadium by making no call. In fact, the absence of penalties has led fans of the game to speculate as to the real cause of these referees’ optical challenges. Some suggest that perhaps their eyes have nothing wrong with them at all. Just maybe, the bright stadium lights draw in all of their attention. While they focus on the lights, watching the game becomes nearly impossible. Another suggestion is that they left their glasses in their other striped shirt and the whole game is nothing but a blur. Regardless of the cause of their visual disturbance, blind refs continue to shock the crowd with their inability to see the game as well as any fan seated in the cheap seats of the stadium. The referees labeled as deaf I like to consider as the aristocrats of all the referees. These refs believe that they were born with a superior ability to see the game. They believe that wherever they position themselves on the field, they have the capability to see the game better than any other individual. This â€Å"ability† of thei...

FBIs Unique Role in the United States Law Enforcement Community Essay

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has a unique role in the United States law enforcement community. The FBI is not a national police force, unlike other nations (such as France, Italy, Spain and Columbia) where patrol units and first responders are organized under the national government. The FBI is purely an investigative and intelligence agency and focuses on cross jurisdictional crimes and national security issues. Its stated mission is â€Å"To protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners† (FBI.gov). To accomplish its mission, the FBI does not have the relative manpower of the national police forces of other nations and even of some local police forces in the United States – the New York City Police Department has an authorize d strength of 37,838 uniformed officers (NYC.gov) whereas the FBI only has 33,652 employees nationwide (of which only 13,412 are special agents) (FBI.gov). Due to this manpower issue, the bureau must focus its limited resources on those areas where there is the most need and where its services will provide the most utility. For this, the FBI creates a strategic plan every five years to identify and prioritize its areas of focus. The FBI’s strategy is developed based on the changing threat environment and other â€Å"drivers† such as global and domestic demographics, economics, foreign policy, technology developments, new laws and the changing role of the state (FBI). The latest strategic plan published in 2004 laid out the following 8 ranked priorities (FBI): 1. Protect ... ...ps, that the FBI should place a greater emphasis on doing so, especially when illicit criminal enterprises are responsible for much of the other crime listed as FBI priorities. Works Cited FBI. (2004). Strategic Plan 2004 – 2009. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/publications/strategicplan/strategicplanfull.pdf FBI.gov. (2010). About Us – Quick Facts. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/quickfacts.htm Jiminez, David, (2010). Week 2 Added Material Mueller, Robert. FBI Mission Statement. Retrieved from http://anchorage.fbi.gov/mission.htm NYC.gov. (2010). Frequently Asked Questions | Police Administration. Retrieved from http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/faq/faq_police.shtml#1 Poteat, Eugene. (2001).The Attack on America’s Intellectual Property: Espionage after the Cold War. Retrieved from http://www.tbp.org/pages/publications/Bent/Features/W01Poteat.pdf

NET framework and common language runtime Essay

The . NET framework is a component of Windows that enables the running of more advanced applications and XML Web services (DePetrillo, 2002). One of the main aim of coming up with this framework is to enable applications to have a consistent object-oriented programming methodology. It is also useful in that it eliminate software deployment and the execution of code safely without problems of scripting and interpreted environments. Microsoft. NET is also referred to as Windows DNA, it was a Microsoft’s previous platform used for developing all enterprise applications. It includes a variety of proven technologies which are in the production they include Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) and COM+, Microsoft Message Queue (MSMQ), the Microsoft SQL Server database. Common Language Runtime provides the . NET framework applications an environment to execute. These language runtime includes common type system Just-in-time compiler, manages memory and gives compiler the security required. Design of . NET and Common Language Runtime (CLR) The design of . NE framework gives of room for interoperability. .NET frameworks have a way of allowing applications which were developed in the framework to still operate in environments outside of . NET environment. The ability to access COM components is made possible by . NET developers which are in the SRIS and the System Services namespace. With this platform, communication between old and new applications is increasing and is becoming a reality. The design of . NET and CLR also allows for security implementation for applications. .NET has two features for security for their mechanisms for security. These two features include validation and verification, and Code Access Security. The latter feature uses the association with specific assembly (DePetrillo, 2002). Normally, the assembly source acts as the evidence regardless of whether they are installed on the local machine or has been downloaded from the Internet. This mechanism uses evidence to determine permissions that are given to the code. With other code, they can demand that calling code be given a specific permission. This demand normally enables CLR to countercheck the permissions; called call stack walk. This is a situation whereby for every assembly of each method in the stack is scrutinized for the required permissions. An exception is thrown if an assembly does not have the right permissions. When an assembly is launched, the CLR performs very many tests. Two of the tests include validation and verification. The verification purpose is to check if the code will do anything which is not safe. Also, . NET framework uses appdomains to isolate code running in a process (DePetrillo, 2002). The appdomains help when there is a crash in a system. In case one application crushes in a system, the other applications within that system will not be affected. An example of security problem is the buffer overflows. This is taken care of with the use of . NET framework. The stability of . NET is assured because it brings with it the end of manual memory management. The . NET framework does memory management by itself thus freeing the user the burden of doing this. The memory that was allocated for instantiations of objects meant for . NET is done contiguously from memory heap. This heap is normally managed by CLR. The . NET also manages garbage collection. This is done by the garbage collector which is compacting and non-deterministic. Memory leakage is an example of stability issue that is solved with the use of . NET framework. The last design feature added to . NET and CLR is the addition of class libraries. These libraries help in maintenance of the applications because one does not have to create applications afresh. Someone seeking to add some more functionality to their applications or do some maintenance will just use the class libraries available at their disposal to achieve all these. The class libraries is a collection of thousands of interfaces, classes, structures and enumerations that are aimed at adding functionality of core system and application services in order to ease programming. There are various classes that someone can use to manipulate the file system. For example there are classes to manipulate XML files, classes to manipulate databases, and serialize objects. In addition to the availability of vast collection of libraries in . NET, the user also has the capability of creating their own classes which they can use in many applications (DePetrillo, 2002). Advantages and disadvantages of . NET Framework Microsoft. NET offers a variety of features such as the time-to-market which are not found in others like the J2EE. It gives a fairly complete solution from the single vendor-Microsoft which may lack some higher end features. With the Microsoft. NET there is one place to get similar information since there is no question of what is the shared context repository. There is an established passport which is an active system. Microsoft. NET gives one the language neutrality when coming up with their new eBusiness applications thus allowing one to view other languages as one application. The cons It does not support a true web services since it lacks the support for ebXML. Microsoft. NET does not give tactics for improving the performance thus not allowing the developers to introduce errors into their systems. It requires qualified developers who are well educated and can handle more hand-holding. It is difficult to maintain since the . NET supports Win32 only in which a large number of machines are required. Microsoft. NET web services are not interoperable with the present industry standards since their BizTalk framework has proprietary SOAP extensions which do not support ebXML. References DePetrillo, B. A. (2002). Think Microsoft. NET. Que.

BMW

In the BMW's future strategy, it strongly focus on expand of the potential market. For example, China and Russia. In terms of brand promotion, BMW Group, will seize the opportunity, and vigorously advise and expand public awareness network. At the same time, BMW also advertise their ambitions and sense of responsibility to society. In the automotive manufacturing area, BMW Group proposed to advertise new product concepts and environmental protection. BMW believes that with further development of the industrial era, the traditional energy sources will become a bottleneck restricting the development of society, as with the development of traditional energy sources will gradually disappear. All of these above are only general publicity, from the details; BMW also has many methods of influence to advertise the brand promotion. In the past, BMW through the sponsorship of 007 series of films to lead more people know about BMW. Nowadays, Now, BMW further into the ranks of social charity and welfare to go. I believe that in the future, more new ways to promote the brand BMW will also be generated in the process. From BMW’s advertising trends, while BMW focus on its own personality and the brand image. BMW also changed their advertising strategies, slowly trying to go into the market culture. For example, in China, BMW will be promoting the brand through the action to protect the local cultural heritage. In short, any successful brand or product can not be divorced from the success of advertising and publicity. BMW case, other brands also do so.