Taking a Closer Look at Thailands Free Trade Agreement Essay

Taking a Closer Look at Thailands Free Trade Agreement - Essay Example The term "free trade" has become very politically loaded, and it is not uncommon for so-called "free trade agreements" to impose additional trade restrictions. Such restrictions on trade are often due to domestic political pressure by powerful corporate, environmental or labor interest groups. Free trade agreements are a key element of customs unions and free trade areas. The details and differences of these agreements are covered in their respective articles (Wikipedia Website). The spate of Thailand's bilateral FTAs had sprung from its intense need to supply more markets for its own exports after the failure of the WTO negotiations in the Doha Development Round. For others, this represents a shift in the Thai trade policy from multilateralism that Thailand advocated for two decades since it became a GATT member in 1982. Either way, new challenges abound for all parties due to this recent policy change leaning towards bilateralism and regionalism instead of multilateralism (Chirathivat & Mallikamas, 2004 p. 37). Before this, Thailand already built bilateral and regional trade ties with a number of trading partners in Asia and the world. In further improving the nature of its FTA policy, there will be implications for the country since many businesses there are not broadly multilateral. With regards to the impact of the FTAs, costs and benefits, and adjustment mechanisms are still being scrutinized. However, the government is strongly determined to realize these alternative liberalization paths and incorporate it as an integral part of Thailand's new trade strategy. To elaborate more on Thailand's pivotal decision of adapting new strategies in its FTA, Chirathivat & Mallikamas (2004, p. 40) mentioned that the financial crisis of 1997-98 could be the main reason. Thailand and generally the East Asian region felt the need to promote closer economic co-operation. Although regionalism is regarded as the second-best policy, many countries have started to explore this alternative. The effect of competitive liberalization contributed in a way to the rise in regionalism worldwide and also in East Asia and Thailand. The advantages should maintain "competitive liberalization" that would open up favorable markets and ease the regulations within the group, which would put an outsider country in a possible unfavorable situation. As a result, foreign companies with a presence in Thailand are currently shifting strategy to take advantage of its FTAs. For instance, Toyota Motor Corp. is shipping manual transmissions for pickup trucks from India to Thailand, and sending Corolla knockdown kits back the other way for assembly in India. Both items benefit from the lower tariffs of the FTA and greatly help increase Toyota's price competitiveness (Nagao, 2005). In addition, Japan is pressuring Thailand to eliminate import tariffs on cars with 3000cc engines and luxury cars over 3000cc before the seven-year period offering by Thailand. It seems Japan wants to increase import quotas of Japanese cars by 1-3 per cent of total production in Thailand. In fact, Japan has warned Thailand that its proposal on luxury cars is the most important

Protein Synthesis in DNA Processes

Protein Synthesis in DNA Processes Protein synthesis is the process whereby DNA encodes for the production of amino acids and proteins. It is a very complex and precise process and as proteins make up over half of the dry mass of a cell, it is a vital process to the maintenance, growth and development of the cell. Proteins are widely used in the cell for a variety of reasons and have many different roles, for example some proteins provide structural support for cells while others act as enzymes which control cell metabolism. The formation of proteins takes place within the cytoplasm, the portion of the cell located just outside the nucleus. Proteins are formed through condensation reactions which bond amino acids together with peptide bonds in a particular sequence and the type of protein that is created is defined by the unique sequence of the amino acids. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that are formed in the nucleotides and are both involved in the process of protein synthesis. Deoxyribonucleic acid, more commonly known as DNA, is located within the nucleus of the cell and contains the entire genetic code for an organism within its structure. DNA has two very important functions which are: to convey information from one generation of cells to the next by the process of DNA replication and to provide the information for the synthesis of proteins necessary for cellular function. Basically, DNA controls protein synthesis. The complex and precise process of protein synthesis begins within a gene, which is a distinct portion of a cells DNA. DNA is a nucleic acid which is made up of repeating monomers, called nucleotides, and in the case of DNA, these individual monomers consist of a pentose sugar, a phosphoric acid and four bases known as adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. DNA is a double stranded polymer, which has a twisted ladder like structure, known as a double-helix. The double-helix of DNA is formed when two polynucleotide chains join together via base-pairing between nucleotide units within the individual chains. The base pairs are joined together themselves by hydrogen bonds and the pairings join in a very specific way, for example guanine will always only join with cytosine and adenine with always only join with thymine. The sequence of these base pairs along the DNA molecule carries all the genetic information of the cell. Although the DNA does not produce the new proteins itself, it is responsible for controlling the process of protein synthesis. This is simply because DNA is far too big a structure to pass through the nucleus into the cytoplasm, so instead it sends a message to the protein making machine in the cytoplasm to start the process. It does this by sending this information via a chemical similar to DNA called ribonucleic acid (RNA). RNA is single stranded polymer of nucleotides which is formed on the DNA. There are three types of RNA found in cells, all of which are involved in process of protein synthesis. They are Messenger RNA (mRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and Transfer RNA (tRNA). Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a long, single stranded molecule which is formed into a helix on a single strand of DNA. It is manufactured in the nucleus and is a mirror copy of the part of the DNA strand on which it is formed. The messenger RNA passes through the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm where is connects with the ribosomes and acts as a template for protein synthesis. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a large, complex molecule which is made up of both single and double helices. rRNA is formed by the genes which are situated on the DNA and is found in the cytoplasm which, when bonded with proteins, makes up the ribosomes. The difference between DNA and RNA is that DNA is a double helix consisting of two strands whereas RNA is simply a singular strand, RNA also uses uracil instead of thymine and DNA consists of a deoxyribose sugar, whereas RNA consists of a ribose sugar. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a very small, single stranded molecule that is manufactured by the DNA in the nucleus and is primarily responsible for the transfer of amino acids. These amino acids are found in the cytoplasm, at the ribosomes and operates as an intermediary molecule between the triplet code of mRNA and the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain. It forms a clover-leaf shape, with one end of the chain ending in a cytosine-cytosine-adenine sequence (Toole, 1997). There are at least twenty different types of tRNA, each transporting a different amino acid and at a central point along the chain there is a significant sequence of three bases, called the anticodon. These are arranged along the appropriate codon on the mRNA during protein synthesis. All proteins are encoded for in DNA, and the unit of DNA which codes for a protein is its gene. Since amino acids are regularly found within the proteins, it can then be assumed that the amino acids must have their own code of bases on the DNA. This relationship between the bases and the amino acids is called the genetic code. There are just twenty amino acids that regularly occur in proteins and each must be coded for in the bases of the DNA. With the DNA only having four different bases present, if each were to code for a different amino acid, then only four different amino acids could be coded for. With there being twenty amino acids that occur regularly in proteins, only a code composed of three bases could satisfy the requirements for all twenty amino acids; this is called the triplet code and this triplet code is more commonly known as a codon. Out of the 64 codons can be formed, three of these designate the termination of a message and these are called stop codons (UAA, UGA, U AG) and one codon (AUG) acts as the start signal for protein synthesis. The codon is a universal code, i.e. it is the same triplet code for the same amino acids in all living organisms. As there is more than one triplet code for most amino acids, it is called a degenerate code and each triplet must be read separately and must not over-lap. For example, CUGAGCUAG is read as CUG-AGC-UAG. (Toole, 1997) Protein synthesis is the process that is concerned with transfer of the information from the triplet code on the DNA to ensure the formation of the proteins. There are four stages in the formation of the proteins, these are: synthesis of amino acids; transcription; amino acid activation and translation. The first stage, the synthesis of amino acids, is concerned with the formation of amino acids. The human body is able to synthesise amino acids, however it is not able to form the required amount therefore the remaining amino acids are supplied from the food that is ingested. The second stage, transcription, is the process where a specific region of the DNA molecule that codes for a polypeptide is copied to form a strand of mRNA. Since the DNA is far too big a structure to pass through the membrane of the nucleus itself, the process of transcription takes place within the nucleus. Firstly, a section of the DNA separates as a result of hydrogen bonds between the bases being broken, causing the DNA to unwind into single strands. One strand functions as a template and the enzyme called RNA polymerase moves along the strand attaching RNA nucleotides one at a time to the newly exposed strand on DNA. This mRNA sequence is known as the sense strand and the complementary DNA sequence which serves as the transcriptional template is known as the antisense strand. Using complimentary base pairing of nucleotides, the mRNA is an exact replica of the unused strand called the copy strand. The process of transcription continues until the polymerase reaches the stop codon and the fully formed mRNA moves out of the nuclear membrane, through the nuclear pores, to the ribosomes. The third stage, amino acid activation, is the process by which the amino acid combines with tRNA using energy from ATP. There are twenty different types of tRNA which bond with a specific amino acid and the amino acid is attached to the free end of the tRNA. The newly formed tRNA-amino acid begins to move toward the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The fourth and final stage of protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosomes, and is called translation. Translation is the means by which a specific sequence of amino acids is formed in accordance with the codons on the mRNA. Each mRNA molecule becomes attached to one or more ribosomes to form a structure called a polysome. When translation occurs, the complimentary anticodon of a tRNA-amino acid complex is attracted to the first codon on the mRNA and binds to the mRNA with hydrogen bonds between the complimentary base pairings. A second tRNA binds to the second codon of mRNA in the same way. The ribosome acts as a framework which holds the mRNA and tRNA amino acid complex together until the two amino acids are joined together by the formation of a peptide bond. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA each codon is recognised by a matching complementary tRNA which contributes its amino acid to the end of a new growing protein chain. This process continues until the ribosome reaches a stop codon, which then indicates that the polypeptide chain is finished and the polypeptide chain is then cast off. The formed polypeptides are then assembled into proteins and by this action, protein synthesis is complete. In conclusion, the DNA molecules contain a genetic code that determines which proteins are made in the body and these proteins include certain enzymes which control every biological reaction going on within the body. In simple terms, this is basically how life works.

Operation Overlord Essay -- History Attack Overlord Germany Essays

Operation Overlord Operation Overlord was the code name used for the Allied attack on German-occupied Northern France in the summer of 1944. The organization responsible for planning this task was SHAEF, the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, and the officer in command of Overlord was Major General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Command of ground forces was given to General Bernard Montgomery, while naval forces would be commanded by Admiral Bertram Ramsay. Air forces were under the control of Air Chief Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallary, and supply and logistics the task of Lt. General John Lee. Operation Bolero The extensive buildup of troops and supplies required to support Overlord began in April of 1942. Known as Operation Bolero, this effort eventually saw the movement of over 1.5 million military personnel to England, as well as the materials required to house, clothe and feed them. The total number of soldiers participating in all aspects of the invasion numbered 2.8 million. Operation Bodyguard The overall effort to deceive the Germans was known as Operation Bodyguard, and consisted of ten smaller operations including Operation Fortitude North, Operation Fortitude South, Operation Graffham and Operation Royal Flush. Operation Fortitude was specifically designed to provide deception for Operation Overlord. Among the many tools used by Fortitude were double agents, fake radio traffic and inflatable vehicles and craft designed to convince the Germans that the buildup of forces were intended to strike at Norway and/or the Pas-de-Calais region of France. Operation Neptune The seaborne aspects of Operation Overlord were known as Operation Neptune, and involved the embarkation of the troops, their transport across the English Channel, and their landings at Normandy. The Neptune forces were also responsible for providing covering gunfire during the landings and for continued supply operations following the landings. Air Superiority By early June of 1944 the Allies had achieved air superiority over the skies of France, and had reduced the Luftwaffe to an almost token force. The Allied control of the air would play a key role in limiting the Germans ability to maneuver their forces once the Overlord landings began. With complete control of the skies, Allied planes could easily identify and destroy German forces moving during daylight. .. ...s were more difficult to locate and disable. Although the fighting at Juno Beach was more intense than that at Gold or Sword, the Canadians managed to exit the beach only a half an hour after landing. Sword Beach The British troops at Sword Beach encountered relatively little initial resistance from the Germans, but were later tasked with repelling a counterattack by the German 21st Panzer Division. Although the 3rd Infantry Division did manage to link up with the 6th Airborne forces, most of their initial objectives, including the capture of Caen, were not met. Aftermath In spite of the myriad of problems encountered by the various landing forces, especially those at Omaha Beach, the Allied forces had established positions inland by the end of June 6th. The Germans, still suspecting that the Normandy landings were a diversion from expected landings in the Pas-de-Calais, failed to launch any significant counterattacks. With beachheads established, air superiority over northern France, and relatively little organized resistance from the Germans, the Allied forces began setting up the necessary supply lines that would be needed for their push into France and on to Germany. Operation Overlord Essay -- History Attack Overlord Germany Essays Operation Overlord Operation Overlord was the code name used for the Allied attack on German-occupied Northern France in the summer of 1944. The organization responsible for planning this task was SHAEF, the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, and the officer in command of Overlord was Major General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Command of ground forces was given to General Bernard Montgomery, while naval forces would be commanded by Admiral Bertram Ramsay. Air forces were under the control of Air Chief Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallary, and supply and logistics the task of Lt. General John Lee. Operation Bolero The extensive buildup of troops and supplies required to support Overlord began in April of 1942. Known as Operation Bolero, this effort eventually saw the movement of over 1.5 million military personnel to England, as well as the materials required to house, clothe and feed them. The total number of soldiers participating in all aspects of the invasion numbered 2.8 million. Operation Bodyguard The overall effort to deceive the Germans was known as Operation Bodyguard, and consisted of ten smaller operations including Operation Fortitude North, Operation Fortitude South, Operation Graffham and Operation Royal Flush. Operation Fortitude was specifically designed to provide deception for Operation Overlord. Among the many tools used by Fortitude were double agents, fake radio traffic and inflatable vehicles and craft designed to convince the Germans that the buildup of forces were intended to strike at Norway and/or the Pas-de-Calais region of France. Operation Neptune The seaborne aspects of Operation Overlord were known as Operation Neptune, and involved the embarkation of the troops, their transport across the English Channel, and their landings at Normandy. The Neptune forces were also responsible for providing covering gunfire during the landings and for continued supply operations following the landings. Air Superiority By early June of 1944 the Allies had achieved air superiority over the skies of France, and had reduced the Luftwaffe to an almost token force. The Allied control of the air would play a key role in limiting the Germans ability to maneuver their forces once the Overlord landings began. With complete control of the skies, Allied planes could easily identify and destroy German forces moving during daylight. .. ...s were more difficult to locate and disable. Although the fighting at Juno Beach was more intense than that at Gold or Sword, the Canadians managed to exit the beach only a half an hour after landing. Sword Beach The British troops at Sword Beach encountered relatively little initial resistance from the Germans, but were later tasked with repelling a counterattack by the German 21st Panzer Division. Although the 3rd Infantry Division did manage to link up with the 6th Airborne forces, most of their initial objectives, including the capture of Caen, were not met. Aftermath In spite of the myriad of problems encountered by the various landing forces, especially those at Omaha Beach, the Allied forces had established positions inland by the end of June 6th. The Germans, still suspecting that the Normandy landings were a diversion from expected landings in the Pas-de-Calais, failed to launch any significant counterattacks. With beachheads established, air superiority over northern France, and relatively little organized resistance from the Germans, the Allied forces began setting up the necessary supply lines that would be needed for their push into France and on to Germany.

Rainy Days

Rainy Days Essay By Taylor Chance 11/20/13 Rainy days are wonderful to me. Sometimes they can be a hassle but I still love them. The only time I usually have rainy days is when it is July though. Rainy days are awesome to me sense I can do a lot of things in my own house. The reasons why I like rainy days mainly is because I can sing, listen to music, relax, and eat comforting food. First of all, the reason I like rainy days is because I love to sing.During my rainy days sense the air is usually moist and the temperature is usually cold, it is my favorite time to practice. The climate actually helps my voice by making it very moist instead of dry. If I sing with a dry throat, it will damage my vocal chords and it would also damage my tonsils since I would be straining my voice. So I like to play it on the safe side and practice the most on rainy days. Nonetheless, I love to listen to music on rainy days. I mostly listen to sad or calm music because it relaxes me and brings out my emo tions.It gets even better when I look out the window and I see the gloomy, wispy, and foggy roads and the grasshoppers, birds, and squirrels take cover under big, green trees or leaves with dew from the rain on them as I see the whitish, greyish rain splatter all over the place. My favorite song that I like to listen to most is called â€Å"How to Avoid the Sun† by Bi Rain; it is one of the most beautiful songs I’ve heard or at least one of the nicest songs I’ve listened to.Music also makes me realize new things and wonder about the world especially when it is raining. Another reason is that I love to relax during rainy days. Hearing the pitter patter of the raindrops going on the ground while there is loud thunder as little cool, white or yellow strikes in the sky that looks like a crack in the dark, grey clouds called lightening flash all over the place. I could just flop down on my bed and cuddle under my warm, soft blankets to be nice, cozy, and comfy.Anothe r thing I like to do is take a nap to the sounds of the rain or daydream. It makes me feel like it is winter or something because the cold temperature also relaxes me. Finally, the last reason I love rainy days is because I can eat as much fattening food as I want. Ice cream, hot chocolate, tea, you name it and I will eat it. Eating is one of my favorite things to do even though I do not eat a lot. These are my comfort foods during rainy days to also help me relax.The taste of the creamy, doughy ice cream tickles my taste buds and gives me a brain freeze sense I eat too fast because cookie dough ice cream is my favorite; the hot chocolate is sweet, warm, and it’s warmth makes me feel nice and cozy; and my tea is one of my favorites even though it is healthy. I usually drink tea warm and unsweetened because I try to stay skinny at the same time and my favorite tea is either Darjeeling or Tao: lemon grass and green tea but, these are the reasons why I love rainy days.

Reaction Paper 1

Kaily Purtle 09-10-2012 Study of the Family Reaction Paper 1 In class we discussed Reading #4. This reading was about the â€Å"Super Mom†. We discussed our personally experiences along with readings. We talked about how stay at home mothers and working mothers get looked at by society and by their husbands. I will be writing my reaction paper on this topic because it is very interesting to me. The â€Å"Super Mom† is described in the White and Klein text as a â€Å"stroller in one hand, brief case in the other. † This means that the mother is doing all she can to provide for her family while still catering to her children.On the other end of the spectrum, a â€Å"Stay at Home Mom† is just a mother that stays home with the children. She takes care of every need that the children have while taking care of the home at the same time. The husbands of a â€Å"Stay at Home Mom† believe that it is easy. In the reading, the author says that mothers are face d with intensive mothering where they need to be mothers first before anything. To society, this â€Å"Stay at Home Mom† needs to justify whey she is unable to work outside of the home. There are single moms out there that work everyday so, they need to justify why they live at home.I personally believe that whether or no the mother stays at home just depends on the family situation. The children may needs extra attention that the mother needs to attend to or maybe the husband believes that his wife should stay at home and he makes enough money to take care of his family alone. It just depends I think. We also discussed what mothers should do if they work early till late. We all discussed our own experiences but mine was that my grandfather helped us out. He still does. My father works everyday almost and my mother is a teacher so they are not available during the day.My grandmother works and my grandfather is retired, so it is very easy for us to get ahold of him if we need anything especially since he lives across the street from me. I think we were just blessed to have my family so close to us that way we can help each other out. They are always there for us. Like I said, every family is different. They need to be able tot have someone there for their children when they need to be taken care of no matter if that contains extended family, a brother or sister and maybe the parents if they are available.

mov essays

mov essays Shylock is a wealthy Jewish moneylender in Venice. Although He only appears in 5 scenes throughout The Merchant of Venice the few manifestations we get of him show that he is clearly one of the three most dominating and powerful characters in the entire play. Shylocks case is rather interesting as his power slowly deteriorates throughout the performance. At the beginning he has it all-money, family, identity and a lot of power. However, his focus on money, his hatred of Christians, his inflexible will and his extreme lust for revenge all contribute to his eventual defeat that leaves him with little more than his life. As I said earlier Shylock has power over the majority of the characters in the play. The characters include Antonio-who is the merchant of Venice, Bassanio-Antonios friend, his servant Launcelot and daughter Jessica. The person whom Shylock has the greatest power of all over is Antonio. Antonios life is literally in Shylocks hands. The deal, which Shylock makes with Antonio over the 3,000 ducats, is extremely well thought out and could only come from a very cunning and experienced usurer. Shylocks skills as a negotiator ensure that Antonio takes the bait and that the flesh-bond becomes sealed. When the 3 months is up and Antonio fails to pay Shylock is determined to have his bond. Shylocks intense loathing for Antonio for the mistreatment of himself is what stops him from taking thrice the original payment opting instead for the pound of flesh. This decision and lack of mercy is what drives Shylock to his worthy demise. This chain of events is the flesh-bond storyline, which combined with the love-casket tale makes the entire story. Shylocks bond is initially with Bassanio. Bassanio just used Antonios name as credit for the loan. Although it is Antonio who must either hold the bond or forfeit it is Bassanio who gains the 3,000 ducats. Without Shylocks loan through Antonio to Bassan...

Exploring Male and Female Non-verbal Forms of Communication Essays

Exploring Male and Female Non-verbal Forms of Communication Essays Exploring Male and Female Non-verbal Forms of Communication Paper Exploring Male and Female Non-verbal Forms of Communication Paper â€Å"We cannot not communicate†- this is an established fact in human existence and separates humans from other mammals. Even in silence one sends a multitude of messages: with one’s gaze, facial expression, touch, posture, gestures, and the manner in which one distances himself from the person or persons being communicated with. Equally, one’s choice of clothing and color as well as his timing may say more than what he communicates with his words. Yet as one speaks, more is revealed with the quality of his voice (pitch, tone and intonation), the number and length of his utterances, and the presence or absence of disfluencies in his words and even in his choice of words. Although in most recent studies some communication specialists would separate characteristics attributed to voice as well as word choice as paraverbal communication (Windle and Warren, n. d. ), we will refer to the earliest considerations on the forms of communication- the verbal and the nonverbal (Ehninger, et al, 1982; Pace, Peterson, Burnett, 1979; Becvar, 1974). Whether these nonverbals are sent intentionally or otherwise, one is certain: they serve certain factors: 1) repeating (e. g. vocal utterance and other NVCs that are presumed to repeat what is said), substituting (e. g. shaking the head in disagreement or nodding in acceptance), complementing (to emphasize emotional feelings), regulating, accenting and either deceiving or revealing a person’s intent and real emotions with regards to the communication situation. How much of what one communicates is nonverbal? David Givens (2005) provides an estimate on this phenomenon: Communicating Without Words According to Kramer, 94% of our communication is nonverbal, Jerry (Seinfeld, January 29, 1998). Kramers estimates (like the statistics of anthropologist Ray Birdwhistell [65%; Knapp 1972] and of psychologist Albert Mehrabian [93%; 1971]) are hard to verify. But the proportion of our emotional communication that is expressed apart from words surely exceeds 99%. So much is said even with a very few words that one should have a better understanding of the NVCs to become an effective communicator, and in the process overcome misunderstanding. A number of factors must be considered in understanding this form of communication, namely: 1) the manner in which the nonverbal is sent (either be deliberately or unconsciously transferred); 2) gender (males vs. female); and 3) socio-cultural (Europeans vs. Asians; minority vs. majority). For this purpose, we shall focus our discussion on the effects of gender differences in the use of nonverbal communication. O’Carroll’s (2006) article reviews some of the studies devoted to understanding the effects of gender on an individual’s communication style, including that of Deborah Tannena’s book You Just Don’t Understand: Men and Women in Conversation, which has been in the New York’s list of bestseller for nearly four years and have been translated into 24 languages, implying that certain misconceptions (i. e. girls aren’t more social than boys, neither are they more suggestible, girls aren’t any better at learning off by heart, boys aren’t good at more abstract learning, girls don’t have lower self esteem and that girls lack motivation [Macoby and Jacklin]) why females or males in particular ways while in a communication situation are somehow culturally ingrained in an individual’s pyche. Communicating Without Words Somehow socio-cultural norms (including the roles both assigned and perceived to be attributed to a particular gender) General disparities between male and female communication styles have been described as debate vs. relate, report vs. rapport, or competitive vs. cooperative (Gender Differences in Communication, n. d. ). How these are either revealed or concealed through the nonverbals will likewise be explained. Earlier it was mentioned that several types of nonverbal communication are perceivable in every communicative act. This paper will however focus on only three of them: 1) proxemics or the use of space; 2) kinetics or bodily movements (including gestures; and 3) haptics (touching), which are the more obvious channel of the intended messages, especially in interpersonal communication. There are other levels of communication though: intrapersonal, group and public communication, but for this purpose our discussion will be limited to communication contexts that transpire between two individuals, which centralizes the focus of the message being sent, whether between two sexes or same sex transactions. Proxemics. Just as we communicate with words, so too we transmit messages by placing ourselves in certain spatial relationships, with other persons or objects. The study of these spatial factors- or how we react to the space around us, how we use that space, and how our use of space communicates a particular information- is known as proxemics. Edward T. Hall, a pioneer in the study of proxemics, specified four spatial zones of interpersonal communication (i. e. intimate, personal social and public distance). Communicating Without Words The amount of space a person is allowed in most instances communicates the status of the communicators in a specific communication transaction. Dr. Lilian (1992) concludes that males 1) tend to approach women more closely in terms of their personal space; 2) take up more physical space when sitting or standing, with arms and legs stretched out away from their body; and 3) assume more reclined positions when sitting and lean backward when listening. These observations were likewise echoed in a study conducted by Erica Christoper (n. d. ) Kinetics. The human body is so versatile that it may transmit a number of messages in a single communication transaction. Early researchers delineated body expressions according to the part of the body involved in sending a particular message – facial expression, trunk movements, hand gestures, etc. Empirical evidence also suggests that, in general, 1) women use more head movements than men; 2) smile more often than men; and 3) engages more in eye contact (as cited by Christopher, Ibid). Dr. Lilian on men’s use of facial expression, reports that: 1) They tend to cock their head to the side and look at the other person from an angle when listening; 2) They provide fewer facial expressions in feedback and fewer reactions; 3) They tend to display frowning and squinting when listening; and 4) They stare more in negative interaction (Ibid). Haptics. Everyone uses touch at times to emphasize a point, interrupt another person speaking, or just as a comforting gesture. How this form of nonverbal communication is used and studied given a particular communication situation, has been referred to by communication scholars as haptics. Although women are more likely to use Communicating Without Words touch as a form of communication, men have been found to be more likely to touch women, than women are to touch men (Ibid). These instances, although provide a general observation on male/female communication styles establish the apparent difference in nonverbal use by members of different genders nonetheless. How they differ (relative to social norms and other factors) and to what extent in specific communication context, still need much research. At this point, we rest our case in that we have been provided with the basic understanding on the nonverbal form of communication as affected by gender differences. References: Erica, Christopher. â€Å"Gender Differences in Non-Verbal Behavior: A Global Look at the Use of Passive and Active Nonverbal Cues in Same Sex and Cross-Gender Conversation. † Retrieved 01 April 2009 from Saint Anselm College Website: anselm. edu/internet/psych/theses/seniors2002/christopher/webpage. ht ml#Abstract Ehninger, Douglas; Gronbeck, Bruce E. ; McKerrow, Ray E. ; Monroe, Alan H. (1982). Principles of Speech Communication, 9th Edition. USA: Scott, Foresman and Company. Givens, David (c1997-2008). Nonverbal Communication. Center for Nonverbal Studies. Retrieved April 01, 2009 from http://members. aol. com/nonverbal2/nvcom. htm He Says, She Says: Closing the Communication Gap Between the Sexes. Dr. Lillian Glass. Putnam, 1992. in â€Å"Gender Differences in Communication,† (n. d. ) Communicating Without Words Retrieved April 01, 2009 from The Ladies Room Website: geocities. com/Wellesley/2052/genddiff. html O’ Carroll, Eileen. (September 11, 2006). â€Å"Men are from Earth, and so are Women. † Retrieved April 01, 2009 from Anarchistnews. org: http://anarchistnews. org/? q=node/668 Pace, Wayne R. ; Peterson, Brent D. ; Burnett, M. Dallas. (1979). Techniques for Effective Communication. Philippines: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. Windle, Rod and Warren, Suzanne. (n. d. ) â€Å"Communication Skills. † Collaborative Problem Solving and Dispute Resolution in Special Education: Training, an electronic manual Retrieved April 01, 2009 from directionservice. org/cadre/section4. cfm#Nonverbal%20Messages

Organizing Your Genealogy Files

Organizing Your Genealogy Files Piles of copies of old records, printouts from genealogy websites, and letters from fellow genealogy researchers are sitting in piles on the desk, in boxes, and even on the floor. Some are even mixed in with bills and your childrens school papers. Your papers may not be completely disorganized if youre asked for something specific, you can probably find it, but it definitely isnt a filing system that you would describe as efficient. Believe it or not, the solution is as simple as finding an organizational system that suits your needs and research habits and then making it work. It might not be as simple as it sounds, but it is doable and will ultimately help to keep you from spinning your wheels and duplicating research. Which Filing System is Best Ask a group of genealogists how they organize their files, and youre likely to get as many different answers as genealogists. There are a number of popular genealogy organization systems, including binders, notebooks, files, etc., but there truly is no individual system which is best or correct. We all think and behave differently, so ultimately the most important consideration in setting up your filing system is that it must fit your personal style. The best organization system is always the one that you will use. Taming the Paper Monster As your genealogy project progresses youll find that you have numerous paper documents to file for each individual that you research birth records, census records, newspaper articles, wills, correspondence with fellow researchers, Web site printouts, etc. The trick is to develop a filing system that will enable to easily lay your fingers on any of these documents at any time. Commonly used genealogical filing systems include: By Surname:  All papers for an individual surname are filed together.By Couple or Family:  All papers related to a husband and wife or family unit are filed together.By Family Line:  All papers related to a specific family line are filed together. Many genealogists begin by starting with four such ancestral lines one for each of their grandparents.By Event:  All papers related to a specific event type (i.e. birth, marriage, census, etc.) are filed together. Beginning with any of the four systems mentioned above, you could then further organize your papers into the following categories: By Location:  Papers are first grouped by one of the four genealogy filing systems listed above, and then further broken down by country, state, county, or town to reflect your ancestors migration. For example, if you chose the Surname Method, you would first group all CRISP ancestors together, and then further break the piles down into the England CRISPs, the North Carolina CRISPs, and the Tennessee CRISPs.By Record Type:  Papers are first grouped by one of the four genealogy filing systems listed above, and then further broken down by record type (i.e. birth records, census records, wills, etc.). Binders, Folders, Notebooks, or Computer The first step to starting an organizational system is to decide on the basic physical form for your filing (piles dont count!)   file folders, notebooks, binders, or computer disks. Filing Cabinet and File Folders:  File folders, probably the most popular organizational tool for genealogists, are inexpensive, very portable, and easily hold papers of different shapes and sizes. When dropped, however, file folders can become quite a mess with papers thrown out of order, and possibly misplaced. File folders make it easy to consult documents, but you have to be diligent about making sure the paper is put back where it came from. Once youve generated a lot of paper, however, the file folder system is the most flexible and expandable.Binders:  If youre someone who really likes to keep things together in one place, then organizing your printed genealogy data into binders may be a good option for you. This method standardizes your genealogical records into a regular size paper format. Documents that you dont wish to three-hole punch, can be added in polypropylene sleeves. Binders are portable and dont require a filing cabinet, however, if you do a lot of genealogic al research you may find that binders eventually become too cumbersome on their own.​ Computer Disks, CDs, and DVDs:  Transcribing  or scanning genealogical documents into the computer can save quite a bit of space, and computerized organizational systems can greatly speed up tedious tasks such as sorting and cross-referencing. CD-ROM quality has also greatly improved, supposedly lasting indefinitely under proper storage conditions. But, will your descendants 100 or more years from now have a computer that can read them? If you choose to use your computer as your primary organizational system, consider also making and preserving copies or printouts of important documents. Once you get started organizing your genealogical clutter, youll probably find that a combination of storage methods works best. Some people, for example, use binders to organize proven family and file folders for miscellaneous research on unproven connections, neighborhood or locality research, and correspondence. It is important to keep in mind that organization is and always will be a work in progress. Organizing Your Genealogy Using File Folders To set up and use file folders to organize your genealogy records you will need the following basic supplies: A filing cabinet or file boxes with lids. The boxes need to be strong, preferably plastic, with horizontal inner ridges or grooves for letter-size hanging files.Colored, letter-size hanging file folders  in blue, green, red, and yellow. Look for ones with large tabs. You can also save a bit of money here by purchasing standard green hanging file-folders instead and using colored labels for the color-coding.Manila folders. These should have slightly smaller tabs than the hanging file folders and should have reinforced tops to last through heavy use.Pens. For best results, use a pen with an ultra fine point, felt tip, and black, permanent, acid-free ink.Highlighters. Buy highlighters in light blue, light green, yellow, and pink (dont use red because it is too dark). Colored pencils also work.Labels for file folders. These labels should have blue, green, red and yellow strips along the top and permanent adhesive on the back. Once youve assembled your supplies, its time to get started with the file folders. Use different colored file folders for the lineages of each of your four grandparents in other words, all folders created for the ancestors of one grandparent will be marked with the same color. The colors you select are up to you, but the following color choices are the most common: BLUE - ancestors of your paternal grandfather (fathers father)GREEN - ancestors of your paternal grandmother (fathers mother)RED - ancestors of your maternal grandfather (mothers father)YELLOW - ancestors of your maternal grandmother (mothers mother) Using the colors as outlined above, create a separate folder for each surname, writing names on the hanging file tab insert with the black permanent marker (or printing inserts on your printer). Then hang the files in alphabetical order in your file box or cabinet by color (i.e. put the blues alphabetically in one group, the greens in another group, etc.). If youre new to genealogy research, this may be all you need to do. If you have accumulated a lot of notes and photocopies, however, it is now time to subdivide. Here is where you need to choose how you want to organize your files. The two most popular methods as discussed on page 1 of this article are: by  Surname  (further broken down as needed by Locality and/or Record Type)by  Couple or Family Group The basic filing instructions are the same for each, the difference is primarily in how they are organized. If you arent sure yet which method will work best for you, try using the Surname method for one surname and the Family Group method for one or two families. See which one suits you best, or develop your own combination of the two. Family Group Method Create a family group sheet for each married couple listed on your pedigree chart. Then set up manila folders for each of the families by putting a colored label on the file folder tab. Match the label color to the color of the appropriate family line. On each label, write the names of the couple (using the  maiden name  for the wife) and the numbers from your  pedigree chart  (most pedigree charts use the  ahnentafel numbering system). Example: James OWENS and Mary CRISP, 4/5. Then place these manila family folders in the hanging folders for the appropriate surname and color, arranged in alphabetical order by the husbands first name or in numerical order by the numbers from your pedigree chart. In the front of each manila folder, attach the family group record of the family to serve as a table of contents. If there was more than one marriage, make a separate folder with a family group record for each other marriage. Each family folder should include all documents and notes from the time of a couples marriage. Documents which pertain to events prior to their marriage should be filed in the folders of their parents, such as birth certificates and family census records. Surname and Record Type Method First, sort your files by surname, and then create manila folders for each of the record types for which you have paperwork by putting a colored label on the file folder tab, matching the label color to the surname. On each label, write the name of the surname, followed by the record type. Example: CRISP: Census, CRISP: Land Records. Then place these manila family folders in the hanging folders for the appropriate surname and color, arranged in alphabetical order by the type of record. In the front of each manila folder, create and attach a table of contents that indexes the contents of the folder. Then add all documents and notes which correspond to the surname and type of record.

IFRS .IFRS and US GAAP Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IFRS .IFRS and US GAAP Comparison - Essay Example Firstly, income statement captions are not required in the case of US GAAP while IFRS prescribes minimum caption in income statement. In addition, the US GAAP treatment allows either single step or multiple steps format for income statement captions. According to the US GAAP treatment, classification of extraordinary items is permitted under certain circumstances and it can also be segregated within operating income; in contrast, IFRS bans classification of unusual items although it permits segregation of such items (Deloitte). The US GAAP provides a broader definition for discontinued operations while IFRS sets a narrow definition. Under US GAAP, restructuring costs are recognized only when it becomes necessary but IFRS recognizes restructuring costs when it is announced. Limited guidance on offsetting of assets and liabilities is a characteristic feature of US GAAP; however, IFRS insists specific guidance on offsetting of assets and liabilities. In case of IFRS, financial position’s classified statement is essential unless liquidity ordering is more meaningful. In contrast, such a statement is not required under US GAAP. Exclusion of long-term debt from current liabilities is a specific feature of IFRS. The US GAAP treatment refinances the exclusion of long term debt. The IFRS treatment states the minority interests as a component of equity while US GAAP guidelines restrict the presentation of minority interests as equity (â€Å"IFRSs and US GAAP†¦.†). As per the US GAAP balance sheet format, entries are presented as total assets balancing to total liabilities in addition to shareholders’ equity. In contrast, IFRS entries include current and non-current assets and current and non-current liabilities. While US GAAP presents items on the basis of decreasing order of liquidity, the IFRS presents the items in the increasing order. â€Å"IFRSs and US GAAP: A pocket comparison.† An IAS plus Guide: Audit, Tax, Consulting and Financial

Drug and Alcohol abuse among teens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drug and Alcohol abuse among teens - Essay Example As at the year 2009, 11.98% of teens in Nevada abused tobacco products as compared to average U.S.’s 11.52%. It had no significant statistical difference in the county-level rates of tobacco addiction and abuse. While the average U.S. alcohol abuse among teens was at 14.66% in 2009, the percentage of teens affected in Nevada remained at 15.15%. This was, however, after a decrease from 17.67% and 18.40% in 2003 respectively. The rate of alcohol abuse reduced by 3.01 percent, nationally, and 3.25 percent, in Nevada.In 2009, illicit drug use among teens in Nevada was 12.57% of the total compared to 9.65% for the total U.S. teen population. The use of marijuana among teens in Nevada was also slightly higher than that of national statistics at 16.4% versus 13.28% respectively. Rates of drug-induced deaths are higher than the national averages in the state of Nevada at 20.1% versus 12.7% deaths per 100, 0000 teens. From the statistics, it is evident that Nevada’s statistics a re higher than the national statistics. Virtually all the comparisons in abuse and impacts trends portray Nevada’s statistics as being way above the national tally.Relationship between Cognitive abilities and Rational BehaviorWhile increased cognitive abilities may enhance once ability to reason and differentiate between good and bad, the development may not necessary deter them from being involved in irresponsible behavior. Drug and alcohol abuse is usually associated with a slow progressive addiction.

Marketing report for a company that produces health organic food Assignment

Marketing report for a company that produces health organic food products - Assignment Example 200). To start with, is to develop a fresh product line which will aim at improving sales by at least 20%. Secondly, a â€Å"new and enhanced† commodity line to the already on hand customer base will be launched through conveying improvements and revisions. Furthermore, we intend to raise product awareness by at least 40% before the end of this year among the intended audience. Finally, carry out an extensive study on the different segments of the market and formulate new ways of satisfying each segment’s needs (Nash, 2000, p. 68). Market Segments Understanding market segmentation is very important since it will enable QOFPC to concentrate on satisfying the specific needs of its customers (Kotler et al, 2009, p. 200). Though mass marketing has its own advantages, it has also been criticized and companies are currently being advised to concentrate of micro-marketing where production is driven by market segments. There are different segments of the market that needs to be studies in order to know how to engage effectively on the production process. For instance, by QOFPC studying the behavior of its potential customers, it will be in a position to determine how to play between quality and low price in its search to satisfy all its customer categories (Schmid, 2007, p.102). First and foremost QOFPC needs to understand the demographic component of the market. This component takes into consideration things such as age, the size of the families of potential customers, gender, income, occupation, religion, social class, race and education. These demographic units are closely linked with consumer needs and preferences (Schmid, 2007, p.103). For example consumer needs change widely with age; a child may prefer very sweet food products as compared to an old person. Studying the geographic segment (focuses on regions, cities and rural and urban areas) is equally important since it will allow the company to identify the buying capability of its market. People in rural areas are mostly ignorant and have low incomes, hence, require different marketing strategies from those in urban areas (Nash, 2000, p. 70). By understanding these variations, the company will be able to estimate its market size and choose an appropriate media of reaching its market effectively. According to Kotler et al (2009, p. 205), the psychographic segment focuses on people’s lifestyles, socio-economic status, values/beliefs and personalities. Under this segment, psychology is applied to the demographic factors in order to have a clear understanding of the potential customers. People of the same age may have different beliefs that are likely to affect their tastes and preferences. The final market segment that needs understanding is the behavioral segment that focuses on: occasions, benefits, usage rate, attitude, readiness stage, user status and loyalty status. QOFPC needs to study the possibility of occurrence of occasions such as festivals that will boost i ts sales in order to target them effectively (Nash, 2000, p. 70). Moreover, since this company produces health organic foods, it will be of great importance to study individuals who exactly buy the products and their buying capability. Marketing Strategy Using Marketing Mix Marketing strategies aim at creating the value of customers, capturing and delivering that customer value and above all sustaining the customer value (Nash, 2000, p. 90). An appropriate marketing strategy calls for discipline blending and high flexibility.

Hyperbola Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hyperbola - Research Paper Example Different conics have different ranges of eccentricity. Hence a type of conic is identified by the value of eccentricity and if the value of eccentricity is greater than one then the conic is named as hyperbola. Hyperbola is logically very close to that of ellipse in all its mathematical features. The basic and fundamental difference between the ellipse and a hyperbola is enumerated by the difference in the eccentricity value since ellipse eccentric value is greater than zero but less than 1. Actually this difference can be understood in 2D as for ellipse the sum of distances from foci and a point on that of ellipse is fixed. Whereas in hyperbola it is the difference in the distances from foci and a point on hyperbola is fixed. The diagram of a hyperbola reveals the fact that a hyperbola is actually composed of two parts which are disjoined with each other and two parts are positioned on equal distances with each other. As the value of the eccentricity of hyperbola come closer to 1 t he edges of the cups of the hyperbola are lessened with each other coming closer on the other hand if the value of eccentricity increases the edges of the cup widens and the two ends of cup go more far with each other. 1. Mathematical And Geometric Features In Hyperbola Hyperbola has many geometric and mathematical features as that of ellipse. ... There is another axis at the centre of hyperbola which is perpendicular to that of traverse axis and is called as conjugate axis. The conjugate axis is just like a minor axis as in the case of ellipse. Likewise the transverse axis in a hyperbola is just like a major axis in the ellipse. The centre is a point across which all geometric features are located. This centre point is the intersection of the two axes i.e. the traverse axis and the conjugate axis. The centre point can be located at origin as well as it can be replaced to some point like (h, k), in such case of replacement of centre point the equations and calculations are made accordingly and become bit difficult to solve. The traverse axis is normally parallel to X axis (horizontal) or exactly placed on it, but in other cases the traverse axis can be shifted to Y axis (vertical) for this reason a new hyperbolic curvature is obtained. When the transverse axis is placed on X axis the conjugate axis will be placed on Y axis. Bu t when traverse axis is placed on Y axis the conjugate axis will be shifted to X axis. When traverse axis is placed on or parallel to X axis (horizontal), the ‘x’ component in standard equation of hyperbola is taken as positive. If the transverse axis is placed on or parallel to Y axis (vertical), the ‘y’ component in standard equation of hyperbola is taken as positive while the other ‘x’ component is taken as negative. 2. Hyperbolic Classification There are different types of hyperbola categorized on the basis of their orientation and characteristics. Hyperbolae centre can be placed on origin and as well as any where except origin. Hyperbole transverse axis can be parallel to X axis (horizontal axis), can be made parallel

European history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

European history - Essay Example While the revolution swept all corners of the European nation, it is important to note that each nation had its own unique mix of issues and concerns about the traditional authority. The earlier uprisings patterns in 1820s and the 1830s were very instrumental for the final explosion of revolution in 1848. However the authorities by then worked very hard and thought that they had crushed the uprisings. However, most of the uprisings were only suppressed and went underground. The revolutions would come again and hence there were periods of peak and off peak with regard to revolutions. In this context, some were successful and resulted to one or two revolution reforms while others were completely suppressed. The major waves of uprisings that resulted into major reforms were witnessed in the year 1820s and 1830s before the eruption (Korner, 215). The 1830s uprisings mainly begun in France and spread to other places like Germany, Belgium, Poland and Italy. Unfortunately all the uprisings were crushed by the ruling authority in almost all these nations except those uprising in France survived. As a result of this however Belgium, Britain and France Won freedom, liberal reforms and constitutional monarchy respectively (Korner, 216). These uprisings were very important as they paved the way for wave opf uprisings that followed after a decade in the year 1848. This wave swept across many nations including those regions that had not experienced uprisings. By this time French had gone ahead to establish a republic while other fifty uprisings were witnessed in the different parts of Europe. However, France was neither lucky, it was taken over by a dictator, Napoleon III turning it into a second emperor. During this time, the French had made a republic and the Frenchmen could now vote for delegate with regard to the new constitution. This was a major development in France as partial freedom in choosing the leaders. The

Identify and compare examples of motivation techniques used within Assignment

Identify and compare examples of motivation techniques used within Cadbury's and Nestle and briefly justify a suitable managemen - Assignment Example Company profiles of Cadbury and Nestle Cadbury limited, founded in 1824 and headquartered in London, is one of the world’s largest candy makers to share 10 percent of the market. It produces and sells confectionary products offering chocolate bags, boxes and tins and chocolate bars and drinks. It is world’s second largest chewing gum makers and has merged to be a multi-million multinational company (Bloomberg Business Week, 2013). Nestle, a food and beverage multinational company headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland, is world’s No-1 food and Drink Company in terms of sales and world’s leader in coffee market. It is world’s top bottled water maker and biggest frozen pizza maker and is one of the most reputed brands name across the world (Hoovers.com, 2013). Objectives and Vision A business organization needs to describe the purpose and major objectives for which the organization exists. Objectives of an organization provide information, direction and inspiration to explicitly outline the future of the firm. The vision of a firm consists of practical ideals that offer certain goals to be accomplished in terms that can be evaluated (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2011, p. 18). For Cadbury, quality is its promise as its reputation has been built upon quality and it promises to ensure quality in its six products line- confectionary, candy, desserts, gums, snacks and beverages. Its objectives include delivering superior shareholder returns, managing resources efficiently to ensure growth and achieve high performance. With its vision â€Å"to be the biggest and the best confectionery company in the world†, Cadbury always attempts to deliver supreme values and quality so as to become the best and biggest confectionary company in the world (Bloomberg.com, 2013). Nestle promises ‘Good Food, Good Life’ to provide best tasting, fresh and nutritious choices in a different segments of food and beverage to its targeted marke ts. Nestle’s objective is to become the leader in nutrition, health and wellness trusted by all its stakeholders (Nestle, 2012). Its vision is to ‘be a leading, competitive, nutrition, health and wellness company that delivers improved shareholder value’ (Nestle.co.za, 2013). Organizational Culture and Structure Organizational structure in a firm designates formal relationship including number of levels in the management hierarchy and grouping together of individuals in to departments to ensure effective communication, coordination and integration of efforts among departments (Daft, 2010, p. 90). Organizational culture is a system of shared values, beliefs and assumptions that are established in an organization so as to influence and motivate people towards achieving the desired goals. Cadbury employs more than 4500 employees in over six countries. In 2009, the company has eliminated the regional structure to operate seven business units and leverage the category leadership across its markets. At Cadbury, the board of directors plays vital roles and responsibilities for overall management and performance and for the approval of long-term objectives. As shown in the diagram, the span of control and communication is spread among different

European history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

European history - Essay Example While the revolution swept all corners of the European nation, it is important to note that each nation had its own unique mix of issues and concerns about the traditional authority. The earlier uprisings patterns in 1820s and the 1830s were very instrumental for the final explosion of revolution in 1848. However the authorities by then worked very hard and thought that they had crushed the uprisings. However, most of the uprisings were only suppressed and went underground. The revolutions would come again and hence there were periods of peak and off peak with regard to revolutions. In this context, some were successful and resulted to one or two revolution reforms while others were completely suppressed. The major waves of uprisings that resulted into major reforms were witnessed in the year 1820s and 1830s before the eruption (Korner, 215). The 1830s uprisings mainly begun in France and spread to other places like Germany, Belgium, Poland and Italy. Unfortunately all the uprisings were crushed by the ruling authority in almost all these nations except those uprising in France survived. As a result of this however Belgium, Britain and France Won freedom, liberal reforms and constitutional monarchy respectively (Korner, 216). These uprisings were very important as they paved the way for wave opf uprisings that followed after a decade in the year 1848. This wave swept across many nations including those regions that had not experienced uprisings. By this time French had gone ahead to establish a republic while other fifty uprisings were witnessed in the different parts of Europe. However, France was neither lucky, it was taken over by a dictator, Napoleon III turning it into a second emperor. During this time, the French had made a republic and the Frenchmen could now vote for delegate with regard to the new constitution. This was a major development in France as partial freedom in choosing the leaders. The

Case Projects in Computer Forensics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Projects in Computer Forensics - Essay Example Despite the fact that the Daubert Standard is not directly connected to forensics examination, it sets a good guideline for acceptability of validation reports in courts of law (cited Brunty 1). In order to determine the validity of the findings in question, it is vital to determine from the police investigator the exact procedure he/she took as well as all the forensic tools he/she used in examining the computer data. In the Digital Evidence discipline, it is fundamental that the examination of procedures include a complete understanding of the methodology used so as to determine its specificity, limitations and margins of error. The validation of forensic tools is conducted to verify that they did not alter, add or delete any of the original data. (Barbara 4). Computer forensics involves, at least, the basic four processes of identification, preservation, analysis and presentation. Since identification and presentation depend on the skills of the investigator they cannot be subject ed to the validation process of the computer laboratory. On the other hand, preservation and analysis are forensics-tool bases and thus, can be verified and validated. Preservation entails forensic copy, verification, write protection and media sanitation while analysis involves the processes of searching, file rendering, data recovery, decryption, file identification, processing, temporal data, and process automation (Guo et al 2009, pp. S-15-S16). Validation and verification of electronic evidence requires mathematical technique primarily to determine their error ratio. One way of doing this is to split a sample data into subsets, to be called model subsets, and compare them to the remaining subsets. Next, the file system should be examined remembering that file systems have two layers: abstract and; low level. When examination had focused on the abstract level, it is most likely that the low level evidence has been overlooked. To determine if this is the case, the file system ima ge should be examined and layer 1 obtained. From layer 1, layer 2 should be inferred and this inferred layer should be compared to the actual layer 2 and the discrepancies noted. All other file systems are then examined similarly and the average error ratio obtained. To continue with the validation, a mathematical formula must be adopted for each file system that consists of a weighted summation of every layer. The following is an example of a formula of FAT12: Er = 0.05(L1) + 0.1(L2) + 0.05(L3) + 0.1(L4) + 0.2(L5) + 0.2(L6) + 0.3(L7) A FAT12 file system, a file system commonly used in most computers, has seven layers: boot sector values; FAT and data areas; FAT entries; clusters; formatted cluster content; linked list of clusters; all directory entries. Each of these layers must be examined for their respective abstract and lower-level, a forecast lower level layer developed with the help of the abstract and the predicted lower-level compared with the original lower-level layer and error ratio is stored. At the end, all stored layer ratios must be placed into a weighted formula similar as above and an average error ratio for the file system obtained. This examination would establish the extent of the discrepancies in the previous examination (Sremack 2003). Case Project 14-3 Several characteristics distinguish a technical/formal paper from other types.

Essay on Love and Emotions

Essay on Love and Emotions People often talk about love, but most of us are not fully aware about its true essence. There is lot of misconception about efficacy of love that holds us back to generate loving feelings towards others. Love is not possessiveness. People look love as a possession that has to be acquired and preserved. To expect that others ought to provide it to us so that our life is filled with love is the biggest fallacy, which is cause of much unhappiness. It is not like any other material thing to be demanded from others. Even if other person offers us plenty of love, we may not be able to feel it. It is normal to blame others for not loving us, but much depends on our inner self whether it has capability to feel it from others. Love is a feeling of well being and of good emotions. It is an activity that keeps us in good spirit and is liked to our emotions. Let us engage and create feeling of love by making self capable through appropriate changes in our dealings with others. There is no other way to love and be loved. The physical intimacy devoid of good feelings is not love but lust. People often fail to conceive love as pious in essence. While dealing with others, let us take care that our dealings make them cheerful, by helping them to come out of their problem, appreciate their successes and be grateful for help received from them. All these activities are to express love. The benefit of giving love to others is that it appeals to our heart and makes us connected to others, provides stability and security, removes fear and gives a feeling of being good towards other people. One can get to know love by first generating such feelings of being good to others. How can a person feel love from others if he is filled with ego, anger and selfish tendencies? These negative emotions suppress inner urge to love others. Love is a divine energy. I had a very vague idea about love initially. As I tried to understand more about it, a completely different perspective and thinking develops that explains the true essence of love. I have come to know from spiritual literature that love is God and God is love. It appears too abstract in the first instance, but more we tend to think of God will make us to love God and all other creations of God. It is like energy flowing within us derived from Ultimate that thinks positive and helps in inner purification. Albert Einstein discovered energy mass equation that explains interconnection of material and energy. It revolutionized the thinking of present century by using a small amount of mass to derive a tremendous energy. Hence, along with our material existence, somewhere we are also part of the divine energy lying within us as dormant. Logically, this divine energy which is nothing but love brings us close to Ultimate. I can imagine that every one of us has a gr eat capacity of this divine love within us, but it is hidden, untapped and misdirected. Great saints have worked on human beings from time to time by developing intense feeling of love and concern for others. This has helped them to achieve higher levels of spiritual growth and closeness with the ultimate. The true meaning of love is inner purification of soul. This is the real purpose of love. Love is nothing but inner need and the reason for feeling happiness. Fill the requirement of soul by being in love with other person. The other person to whom you love is only an object to be loved; it is our own emotions that create love for that person. People love someone if they feel that person is an object of love. This feeling comes out of inner need. This is the reason that when the object of love is same, but still different people react to it in a different manner. A person may become an object of love for someone but similar feelings may be missing in the heart of other person. The feeling of love resides in us; other person becomes only a facilitator to bring out this feeling. Irrespective of how good other person may be, love will have to originate from you to create that loving emotion. All other things follow thereafter. These emotions come when we feel need of love as against negative emotions of anger and hate. The advantages of giving love to the other person are essentially to fulfill our inner need and to generate happiness. If we demand love from other person, we may not be able to feel it when our inner condition is filled with negative feelings. Love is an activity of thinking good about others, doing all that can be done to make others feel good and acting in a manner that other person feels comfortable. It is not something to be demanded as it cannot be preserved; and we cannot take it or feel it unless we make ourselves capable for it. Everyone feels impact of love in their life. When you think good of other person, you are in same wavelength as your inner self (soul), which makes you feel light and joyful. Such feeling is love. It is not easy for a person to love someone as it takes time to understand and then develop liking of that person. Media influences understanding of various issues in life including perception of love. Love has different connation in media, which is not actual reality. The people in love as shown in media are projected somewhat special; it makes us to realize incapable of offering or getting that sort of love. People often adore type of love which is without any argument, full of sacrifices and tolerance from the other person. The media glorifies love and shows loving couple who do so many unusual things to attract each others attention. It affects perception of love. We imagine women in love as beautiful, sacrificing and never arguing. The media depicts love based on physical attraction. In actual life situation, things are different. Love does not mean that there will not be any differences and the other person will always remain dumb. It does not mean that a person not very handsome or beautiful will be less attractive and loving in nature. The attractiveness of a person is depicted from overall personality that is a combination of physical looks, positive attitude and confidence. The love stories as reflected in media and narrated by other persons do mostly narrate physical aspect of love. It does not emphasize on the emotional closeness and spiritual part of the love which is more subtle and enduring. Our perception of love is thus limited in nature. Life is not always about happy or sad situation. It has its own moments of ups and down. How to adjust in each situation and take it in stride will greatly affect the quality of life and relationship with other people. The perception of love as being devoid of any problem, trouble and pain is thus misconception. People feel more and more pain as they are not able to live in love in relationship with other people. Our perception of love has to change. We have to live with all the problems that we face in unison, sort out our differences and make change in our life style to bring semblance of love and tolerance in our attitude. We have to meet the need of soul to develop spiritual love for other persons which goes beyond the physical attraction. Why it is difficult to love other person? Descriptive: The present environment due to religious, economic and cultural disparities is not conducive to create genuine feeling of love and concern for other person, and in these conditions, special efforts by cleaning of heart from bad feelings towards others are required. Short-words: Care, compassion, tolerance, love, sensitivity Text: People have developed indifference towards others because of religion, cultural, national and economic differences and disparities. This has made people to hate and hearts are filled with bad feelings towards others. It affects generating feeling of love and intimacy for other human beings. We remain unconcerned about others; love and tender feelings do not come easily; we believe other human beings are different and not close to us. The present environment is not conducive, and in these conditions, special efforts by cleaning of heart from bad feelings towards others are required. It requires a genuine feeling of love, affection and concern for other human beings. Hardly any great personality at this time either in the social or political arena preaches universal love and brotherhood. Nations and societies lay much importance on material achievements while these intangible benefits which are ideal for long lasting happiness are ignored. Much of our attention through books, preaching and media goes towards material welfare. Children, students and young people accumulate information on varied fields, but rarely educational curriculum lays importance on human values based on love and affection. It has made people to lose sight of good values of life that are built on love and compassion. People measure achievement and success with the yardstick of material comforts. Life has become unbalanced as this crucial aspect of our need is not fully emphasized. Most of us attach so many conditions to be able to love and like other person. We expect that other person ought to deserve love from us. This impairs our capacity to love someone who needs it most. As people become more and more sophisticated and refined in their pursuit of material comforts, they tend to fall short in their capacity to love others. They find other person not capable and refined and feel it difficult to love and show good feelings to other person. The true love requires that it ought not to be conditional. Love should flow out of compassion for other person. Our heart ought to generate a feeling of love and concern. Love in the pure form means giving without expecting anything in return. This is true love. When mother loves children, it is unconditional and is pure in nature. Mother feels discomfort in attending to the child; however, she has inner urge to meet all the needs of the child and sees happiness of child as her own happiness. While loving a person one sho uld relate the happiness of the other person as his own, and think what best one can offer to that person. The capacity to love is impacted if we always expect to receive something from others in return. In that case, inner self lacks sufficient feelings of love and concern for other person. If we think of giving something to others in love, it requires that we are satisfied with what we have possessed. It helps to generate love for others, if we are calm and at peace with our self. The capacity of a person to give something in love does not always depend on his or her material belongings but the willingness and character of that person. Giving something does not mean offering only material possessions. We have to be good at heart to be able to give something to others in token of love and concern. If a person has willingness to give something precious to others, he or she has capacity to love others. When we think of giving to other person, we care for that person. It could be offering good advice, praises, genuine sympathy or any other help that he/she need at that material time. When m other or father loves a child they are actually taking care of the child. Love goes with care, compassion and tolerance. These qualities are to be developed as to generate love for other person. This requires reform in our attitude to life. The efforts that go with developing such qualities help a person to enrich his life with positive energy. We will not be able to love others, if we do not make our self capable for it. It is common to be busy about own material success, power and fame, and in the process do little to develop true feeling of love. We therefore tend to make other person believe that we love him or her, but may be lacking inner feeling of concern for that person. It is usual with so many of us to feel zealous of close friend or relative, if they are doing well in life in comparison to us. These negative tendencies keep on haunting us that affects true lovable feeling. People become cynic of others, and try to find fault. They sometimes feel unhappy to find other person better placed in life. It is not easy to develop feeling of love for other person unless we get rid of these negative attitudes. The way to adhering to moral values is to think and work for good of others. When we try to remain good to others, it develops inner feeling of love and affection. Think of loving others as much as we love ourselves. Ego and selfish feelings come in the way to generate a feeling of love and compassion for other person. If a person is successful in his or her profession, it need not automatically make him or her to develop a feeling of love and compassion for others. Success and wealth may turn a person egoistic, and find it difficult to accept others as equal. The moment we feel higher in stature than others, makes us to expect more in love and obedience from others than we offer in return. The capacity to love others gets affected if filled with such feelings. Other persons out of inferiority complex may respect us, but it will be short of generating loving feelings in their heart. We put limit on true love by bringing these negative emotions filled with our own ego and superiority complex. It takes long time and serious efforts to clean these feelings. It requires sensitivity to express true feeling of love. Descriptive: Sensitivity is towards particular way we talk, express our feelings and understand other person. Feelings of love get impaired if we do not talk nicely to others, and try to tease or find fault. Behavior, proper communication, hurt, sensitive, compassion Text: People often presume that they love other person, but are unaware whether such feelings are conveyed in the manner other person perceives it. It indicates lack of sensitivity to express feelings of love. What is the point in claiming to be in love with other person if you fail to bring such feelings in other person? Love is a means of communication of good feelings to the other person. It is wish for welfare, success and happiness of a person. These feelings develop when we love a person. It makes us conscious of which actions of ours will make other person feel better. Express feelings to a person in a way it matches with his/ her sensitivity. Love making is a personal affair and each person would like to feel about love in a particular manner. Love demands emotional closeness through care, compassion, tolerance and understanding, Sensitivity is towards particular way we talk, express our feelings and understand other person. If we take care of sensitivity of other person in these matters; it will help in more harmonious relation and better mutual understanding. Feelings of love get impaired if we do not talk nicely to others, and try to tease or find fault. Take care while talking so that in any way we do not hurt other person. There will be number of occasions in our life when we will differ with others. If a person out of ego behaves superior, it makes other person feel small and hurt. It is usual to differ on various issues depending on background, education and overall interest. Is it worth to argue for long period to prove your point of view on any topic? It is to show your superiority. Let us not compete while arguing a point so that other person does not feel let down. These discussions ought to be more informative in nature. Let knowledge do not come in our way to block a better relationship with other person. While talking to a child, we talk in the language a child understands. We ourselves behave like a child. In the similar manner, we ought to talk to other person in the manner he or she likes and understands. The language used is the one that can bring us on same wavelength with that of other person. These are real life situations which each person observes, but we often ignore it. People fail to assess sensitivity of the other person and not able to connect emotionally. The other person is not interested to know about your successes and achievement. To derive close loving feelings, discuss issues relating to the welfare of that person. Discuss his/her achievements, problems and overall welfare. Take interest in other persons welfare. Provide encouragement, sympathy or consolation whatever desired to boost the morale of that person. Take genuine interest in the other person so that he/she feels free to reveal his inner feelings. The body language talks lot and gives different meaning to other person. Be sensitive to align your body language to make a positive impact on other person. Love and happiness can be achieved only if able to match the sensitivity of other person. The genuine need to bring happiness in the other person helps in understanding the sensitivity of that person. Love is subtle in nature and it does not have immediate tangible benefits. We need certain transformation within to develop a feeling of love and concern for others. These feelings come provided we value welfare of others as important as our own, and this gets reflected in our attitude towards others. Some people by heart are considerate and helpful to others. People who consider self- interest more important take time to develop these finer qualities. What we expect from life directs our responses and dealings with other people. Apart from how other people treat us, it is our inner urge that drives us to feel love and concern for other people. We often find couples depicting love towards each other in presence of others by routinely hugging and kissing. People say I Love You too often to others around them, but have to find within whether they are true to their word. To express love only through words is not sufficient. It has to be depicted in action. Sometimes, we are not sure of our love towards others, but repeat these words of love to satisfy that person. What is offered in love to others be in a subtle manner, without giving feeling of obligation to the receiver. If some help is imparted out of our ego, it may not generate any love for that person. Take care of other persons worries and find out what makes him/her better. Help in improving self esteem of other person. There are lot of people to find fault if things do not turn out properly. It is our role to make other person feel better against difficulties and odds by enhancing self-esteem and focusing on good things. Do not be quick to point out weakness of a person. This attitude makes other person feel inferior. Take care of sensitivity of a person and make him or her feel better in your company. Subtleness in love is something that is not to be expressed in words but actions speaks of the concern for the other person. Love of mother for the children is example of subtle form of love. She will try to protect the child from all the criticism. She will not disown the child if not doing well in life. Her love is not limited by external factors. Whether the child is intelligent or not, she will continue to take care of the child. She is sensitive to the feelings of the child. Help could come in the form of reducing the burden of worries through encouragement. Praise other person for any good thing accomplished. All these forms of expressing love are more subtle in nature and other person feels more carried out by these feelings. Our caring nature and sensitivity to the feelings of other person help in improving quality of our love. Each kiss and hug ought to accompany love through more subtle manner. In the true love towards other person, it involves absolute truthfulness without fear of deception. This requires honesty with the other person. Believe something about the person but express it differently shows lack of honesty. Mind and heart have to be in unison, when we deal with the person, so as to adopt honesty in our thought and deeds. In the matter of dealing with other people, we are influenced by our feelings of love and affection generated through our heart while our mind values the relationship based on mutual benefit. It becomes matter of inner conflict as how much we should give in a relation and how much to receive. At times whatever we express may not be necessarily what we feel about the person. Our relationship at times lacks sensitivity which affects true love. To be in love with others is the need of soul, same as food is the need of our body. We always feel urge to connect with the other person through love and feeling of intimacy. Being intimate with others does not mean physical intimacy, but it encompasses broader meaning of better understanding through love and compassion. Intimacy requires that we open our hearts and fill it with the love of the other soul. Love others as your soul mates so as to be in true love with the other person.

Football Referees: Friends or Foes Essay example -- essays research pa

Football Referees: Friends or Foes? In football referees can be categorized into three types –Blind, Deaf, and Dumb. Being a football player myself, I have experienced all of these different types and I am still trying to discover which one I like best. The referees categorized as blind were cursed with the inability to see more than two feet in front of their faces. No matter how blatantly obvious a penalty appears to be, this type of referee will flabbergast the stadium by making no call. In fact, the absence of penalties has led fans of the game to speculate as to the real cause of these referees’ optical challenges. Some suggest that perhaps their eyes have nothing wrong with them at all. Just maybe, the bright stadium lights draw in all of their attention. While they focus on the lights, watching the game becomes nearly impossible. Another suggestion is that they left their glasses in their other striped shirt and the whole game is nothing but a blur. Regardless of the cause of their visual disturbance, blind refs continue to shock the crowd with their inability to see the game as well as any fan seated in the cheap seats of the stadium. The referees labeled as deaf I like to consider as the aristocrats of all the referees. These refs believe that they were born with a superior ability to see the game. They believe that wherever they position themselves on the field, they have the capability to see the game better than any other individual. This â€Å"ability† of thei...

FBIs Unique Role in the United States Law Enforcement Community Essay

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has a unique role in the United States law enforcement community. The FBI is not a national police force, unlike other nations (such as France, Italy, Spain and Columbia) where patrol units and first responders are organized under the national government. The FBI is purely an investigative and intelligence agency and focuses on cross jurisdictional crimes and national security issues. Its stated mission is â€Å"To protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners† (FBI.gov). To accomplish its mission, the FBI does not have the relative manpower of the national police forces of other nations and even of some local police forces in the United States – the New York City Police Department has an authorize d strength of 37,838 uniformed officers (NYC.gov) whereas the FBI only has 33,652 employees nationwide (of which only 13,412 are special agents) (FBI.gov). Due to this manpower issue, the bureau must focus its limited resources on those areas where there is the most need and where its services will provide the most utility. For this, the FBI creates a strategic plan every five years to identify and prioritize its areas of focus. The FBI’s strategy is developed based on the changing threat environment and other â€Å"drivers† such as global and domestic demographics, economics, foreign policy, technology developments, new laws and the changing role of the state (FBI). The latest strategic plan published in 2004 laid out the following 8 ranked priorities (FBI): 1. Protect ... ...ps, that the FBI should place a greater emphasis on doing so, especially when illicit criminal enterprises are responsible for much of the other crime listed as FBI priorities. Works Cited FBI. (2004). Strategic Plan 2004 – 2009. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/publications/strategicplan/strategicplanfull.pdf FBI.gov. (2010). About Us – Quick Facts. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/quickfacts.htm Jiminez, David, (2010). Week 2 Added Material Mueller, Robert. FBI Mission Statement. Retrieved from http://anchorage.fbi.gov/mission.htm NYC.gov. (2010). Frequently Asked Questions | Police Administration. Retrieved from http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/faq/faq_police.shtml#1 Poteat, Eugene. (2001).The Attack on America’s Intellectual Property: Espionage after the Cold War. Retrieved from http://www.tbp.org/pages/publications/Bent/Features/W01Poteat.pdf

NET framework and common language runtime Essay

The . NET framework is a component of Windows that enables the running of more advanced applications and XML Web services (DePetrillo, 2002). One of the main aim of coming up with this framework is to enable applications to have a consistent object-oriented programming methodology. It is also useful in that it eliminate software deployment and the execution of code safely without problems of scripting and interpreted environments. Microsoft. NET is also referred to as Windows DNA, it was a Microsoft’s previous platform used for developing all enterprise applications. It includes a variety of proven technologies which are in the production they include Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) and COM+, Microsoft Message Queue (MSMQ), the Microsoft SQL Server database. Common Language Runtime provides the . NET framework applications an environment to execute. These language runtime includes common type system Just-in-time compiler, manages memory and gives compiler the security required. Design of . NET and Common Language Runtime (CLR) The design of . NE framework gives of room for interoperability. .NET frameworks have a way of allowing applications which were developed in the framework to still operate in environments outside of . NET environment. The ability to access COM components is made possible by . NET developers which are in the SRIS and the System Services namespace. With this platform, communication between old and new applications is increasing and is becoming a reality. The design of . NET and CLR also allows for security implementation for applications. .NET has two features for security for their mechanisms for security. These two features include validation and verification, and Code Access Security. The latter feature uses the association with specific assembly (DePetrillo, 2002). Normally, the assembly source acts as the evidence regardless of whether they are installed on the local machine or has been downloaded from the Internet. This mechanism uses evidence to determine permissions that are given to the code. With other code, they can demand that calling code be given a specific permission. This demand normally enables CLR to countercheck the permissions; called call stack walk. This is a situation whereby for every assembly of each method in the stack is scrutinized for the required permissions. An exception is thrown if an assembly does not have the right permissions. When an assembly is launched, the CLR performs very many tests. Two of the tests include validation and verification. The verification purpose is to check if the code will do anything which is not safe. Also, . NET framework uses appdomains to isolate code running in a process (DePetrillo, 2002). The appdomains help when there is a crash in a system. In case one application crushes in a system, the other applications within that system will not be affected. An example of security problem is the buffer overflows. This is taken care of with the use of . NET framework. The stability of . NET is assured because it brings with it the end of manual memory management. The . NET framework does memory management by itself thus freeing the user the burden of doing this. The memory that was allocated for instantiations of objects meant for . NET is done contiguously from memory heap. This heap is normally managed by CLR. The . NET also manages garbage collection. This is done by the garbage collector which is compacting and non-deterministic. Memory leakage is an example of stability issue that is solved with the use of . NET framework. The last design feature added to . NET and CLR is the addition of class libraries. These libraries help in maintenance of the applications because one does not have to create applications afresh. Someone seeking to add some more functionality to their applications or do some maintenance will just use the class libraries available at their disposal to achieve all these. The class libraries is a collection of thousands of interfaces, classes, structures and enumerations that are aimed at adding functionality of core system and application services in order to ease programming. There are various classes that someone can use to manipulate the file system. For example there are classes to manipulate XML files, classes to manipulate databases, and serialize objects. In addition to the availability of vast collection of libraries in . NET, the user also has the capability of creating their own classes which they can use in many applications (DePetrillo, 2002). Advantages and disadvantages of . NET Framework Microsoft. NET offers a variety of features such as the time-to-market which are not found in others like the J2EE. It gives a fairly complete solution from the single vendor-Microsoft which may lack some higher end features. With the Microsoft. NET there is one place to get similar information since there is no question of what is the shared context repository. There is an established passport which is an active system. Microsoft. NET gives one the language neutrality when coming up with their new eBusiness applications thus allowing one to view other languages as one application. The cons It does not support a true web services since it lacks the support for ebXML. Microsoft. NET does not give tactics for improving the performance thus not allowing the developers to introduce errors into their systems. It requires qualified developers who are well educated and can handle more hand-holding. It is difficult to maintain since the . NET supports Win32 only in which a large number of machines are required. Microsoft. NET web services are not interoperable with the present industry standards since their BizTalk framework has proprietary SOAP extensions which do not support ebXML. References DePetrillo, B. A. (2002). Think Microsoft. NET. Que.

BMW

In the BMW's future strategy, it strongly focus on expand of the potential market. For example, China and Russia. In terms of brand promotion, BMW Group, will seize the opportunity, and vigorously advise and expand public awareness network. At the same time, BMW also advertise their ambitions and sense of responsibility to society. In the automotive manufacturing area, BMW Group proposed to advertise new product concepts and environmental protection. BMW believes that with further development of the industrial era, the traditional energy sources will become a bottleneck restricting the development of society, as with the development of traditional energy sources will gradually disappear. All of these above are only general publicity, from the details; BMW also has many methods of influence to advertise the brand promotion. In the past, BMW through the sponsorship of 007 series of films to lead more people know about BMW. Nowadays, Now, BMW further into the ranks of social charity and welfare to go. I believe that in the future, more new ways to promote the brand BMW will also be generated in the process. From BMW’s advertising trends, while BMW focus on its own personality and the brand image. BMW also changed their advertising strategies, slowly trying to go into the market culture. For example, in China, BMW will be promoting the brand through the action to protect the local cultural heritage. In short, any successful brand or product can not be divorced from the success of advertising and publicity. BMW case, other brands also do so.